REFERENCES

GETTING HEALTHY IN TOXIC TIMES

INTRODUCTION

  1. Isabella Tree, Wilding: The Return of Nature to a British Farm (London: Picador, 2018), 147.

  2. Jenny Goodman, Staying Alive in Toxic Times: A Seasonal Guide to Lifelong Health (London: Yellow Kite, 2020), 231–234.

  3. Paul Clayton and Judith Rowbotham, ‘How the Mid-Victorians Worked, Ate and Died’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 6, no. 3 (2009): 1235–1253.

  4. Philip J. Landrigan et al., ‘The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health’, The Lancet 391, no. 10119 (2018): 462–512.

  5. Adrian Goldberg and Ben Robinson, ‘Skin Creams Containing Paraffin Linked to Fire Deaths’, BBC News, 19 March 2017, https://www.bbc. co.uk/news/uk-39308748.

CHAPTER 1

  1. David R. Montgomery et al., ‘Soil Health and Nutrient Density: Preliminary Comparison of Regenerative and Conventional Farm- ing’, PeerJ 10 (2022): e12848, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12848.

  2. Jordi Julvez et al., ‘Early Life Multiple Exposures and Child Cognitive Function: A Multi-centric Birth Cohort Study in Six European Countries’, Environmental Pollution 284 (2021): 117404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117404.

  3. Colin Tudge, So Shall We Reap (London: Allen Lane, 2003), 87.

  4. Jane A. Plant, Nikolaos Voulvoulis and Kristín Vala Ragnarsdottir, eds., Pollutants, Human Health and the Environment: A Risk Based Approach (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012), 182.

  5. FAO, ITPS, GSBI, SCBD and EC, State of Knowledge of Soil Biodiversity: Status, Challenges and Potentialities, Summary for Policymakers (Rome, FAO, 2020), https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1929en.

  6. Jørgen Stenersen, Chemical Pesticides Mode of Action and Toxicology (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2004), https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203646830.

  7. Sudisha Mukherjee and Rinkoo Devi Gupta, ‘Organophosphorus Nerve Agents: Types, Toxicity, and Treatments’, Journal of Toxicology 2020 (2020): 3007984, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3007984.

  8. Alberto Ascherio et al., ’Pesticide Exposure and Risk for Parkinson’s Disease’, Annals of Neurology 60, no.2 (2006): 197–203, https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.20904.

  9. Ioannis Zaganas et al., ‘Linking Pesticide Exposure and Dementia: What is the Evidence?’, Toxicology 307 (2013): 3–11.

  10. Tesifón Parrón et al., ‘Environmental Exposure to Pesticides and Cancer Risk in Multiple Human Organ Systems’, Toxicology Letters 230, no. 2 (2014) 157–165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.009.

  11. Mengqi Wang et al., ‘Atrazine Promotes Breast Cancer Development by Suppressing Immune Function and Upregulating MMP Expres- sion’, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 253 (2023): 114691.

  12. Deepika Kubsad et al., ‘Assessment of Glyphosate Induced Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Pathologies and Sperm Epimutations: Generational Toxicology’, Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (2019): 6372.

  13. Roy R. Gerona et al., ‘Glyphosate Exposure In Early Pregnancy And Reduced Fetal Growth: A Prospective Observational Study Of High-Risk Pregnancies’, Environmental Health 21, no. 1 (2022): 95, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00906-3

  14. Annette Abell, Erik Ernst and Jens Peter Bonde, ‘High Sperm Density Among Members of an Organic Farmers’ Association’, The Lancet 343, no. 8911 (11 June 1994): 1498.

  15. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Q&A on Glyphosate (Lyon: World Health Organization, 2016), https://www.iarc.who.int/ wp-content/uploads/2018/11/QA_Glyphosate.pdf.

  16. Robin Mesnage et al., ‘Comparative Toxicogenomics of Glyphosate and Roundup Herbicides by Mammalian Stem Cell-Based Genotoxicity Assays and Molecular Profiling in Sprague-Dawley Rats’, Toxicological Sciences 186, no. 1 (March 2022): 83–101, https://doi.org/10.1093/ toxsci/kfab143.

  17. Jørgen Stenersen, Chemical Pesticides: Mode of Action and Toxicology (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2004), https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203646830.

  18. Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis et al., ‘Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement’, Endocrine Reviews 30, no. 4 (2009): 293–342, https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0002.

  19. Rebecca McKinlay, J.A. Plant, J.N.B. Bell and N. Voulvoulis, ‘Endocrine Disrupting Pesticides: Implications for Risk Assessment’, Environment international 34, no. 2 (2008): 168–183.

  20. G. Van Maele-Fabry and J.L. Willems, ‘Prostate Cancer Among Pesticide Applicators: A Meta-analysis’, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 77 no.8 (2004): 559–570.

  21. Peter A. Clark, J. Chowdhury, B. Chan and N. Radigan, ‘Chronic Kidney Disease in Nicaraguan Sugarcane Workers: A Historical, Medical, Environmental Analysis and Ethical Analysis’, Internet Journal of Third World Medicine 12, no. 1 (2016).

  22. Stephanie Seneff, Toxic Legacy: How the Weedkiller Glyphosate is Destroying Our Health and the Environment (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2021).

  23. Tom Blundell and Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, Crop Spraying and the Health of Residents and Bystanders (London: Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, 2005).

  24. Neil Arya, ‘Pesticides and Human Health: Why Public Health Officials Should Support a ban On Non-essential Residential Use’, Canadian Journal of Public Health 96 (2005): 89–92.

  25. Michael A.H. Bekken et al., ‘Analysing Golf Course Pesticide Risk Across the US and Europe – The Importance of Regulatory Environ- ment’, Science of the Total Environment 874 (2023): 162498, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162498.

  26. Marlaina S. Freisthler et al., ‘Association Between Increasing Agricultural Use of 2,4-D and Population Biomarkers of Exposure: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2014’, Environmental Health 21 (2022): 23, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00815-x.

  27. Anindita Mitra, Chandranath Chatterjee and Fatik B. Mandal, ‘Synthetic Chemical Pesticides and Their Effects on Birds’, Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology 5, no. 2 (2011): 81–96.

  28. R. Mesnage et al., ‘Impacts of Dietary Exposure to Pesticides on Faecal Microbiome Metabolism in Adult Twins’, Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 21 no.1 (2022): 46, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00860-0.

  29. John Cherry, personal communication, 23 April 2023.

  30. Graham Harvey, We Want Real Food (London: Robinson, 2008), 25

  31. Nader Rahimi Kakavandi et al., ‘Maternal Dietary Nitrate Intake and Risk of Neural Tube Defects: A Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis’, Food and Chemical Toxicology 118 (2018): 287–293.

  32. E. Zohdi and M. Abbaspour, ‘Harmful Algal Blooms (Red Tide): A Review of Causes, Impacts and Approaches to Monitoring and Predic- tion’, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 16 (2019): 1789–1806, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-2108-x.

  33. Anna Bailey et al., ‘Agricultural Practices Contributing to Aquatic Dead Zones’, Ecological and Practical Applications for Sustainable Agricul- ture (2020): 373–393.

  34. S. Joyce, ‘The Dead Zones: Oxygen-Starved Coastal Waters’, Environ- mental Health Perspectives 108, no. 3 (2000): A120–A125.

  35. Sadie Costello et al., ‘Parkinson’s Disease and Residential Exposure to Maneb and Paraquat from Agricultural Applications in the Central Valley of California’, American Journal of Epidemiology 169, no. 8 (2009): 919–926, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp006.

  36. Emma Beswick, personal communication, 2022.

  37. C.C. Lerro et al., ‘Organophosphate Insecticide Use and Cancer Incidence Among Spouses of Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study’, Occupational and Environmental Medicine 72 (2015): 736–744.

  38. Jerry Thompson, Curing The Incurable: Beyond the Limits of Medicine – What Survivors of Major Illnesses Can Teach Us (London: Hammersmith Health Books, 2020).

  39. Lisa Volk-Draper et al., ‘Paclitaxel Therapy Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis in a TLR4-dependent Manner’, Cancer Research 74, no. 19 (2014): 5421–5434; Laura G.M. Daenen et al., ‘Chemotherapy Enhances Metastasis Formation via VEGFR-1–expressing Endothelial Cells’, Cancer Research 71, no. 22 (2011): 6976–6985; Svetlana Gingis-Velitski et al., ‘Host Response to Short-term, Single-agent Chemotherapy Induces Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression and Accelerates Metastasis in Mice’, Cancer Research 71, no. 22 (2011): 6986–6996; Serk In Park et al., ‘Cyclophosphamide Creates a Receptive Microenvironment for Prostate Cancer Skeletal Metastasis’, Cancer Research 72, no. 10 (2012): 2522–2532; Yi Seok Chang, Swati P. Jalgaonkar, Justin D. Middleton and Tsonwin Hai, ‘Stress-inducible Gene Atf3 in the Noncancer Host Cells Contrib- utes to Chemotherapy-exacerbated Breast Cancer Metastasis’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 34 (2017): E7159–E7168; George S. Karagiannis et al., ‘Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Induces Breast Cancer Metastasis Through a TMEM-mediated Mechanism’, Sci- ence Translational Medicine 9, no. 397 (2017): eaan0026; Dror Aleshekevitz et al., ‘Macrophage-induced Lymphangiogenesis and Metastasis Follow- ing Paclitaxel Chemotherapy is Regulated by VEGFR3’, Cell Reports 17, no. 5 (2016): 1344–1356.

  40. Graeme Morgan, Robyn Ward and Michael Barton, ‘The Contribution of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy to 5-year Survival in Adult Malignancies’, Clinical Oncology 16, no. 8 (2004): 549–560.

  41. Magdalena Czajka et al., ‘Organophosphorus Pesticides can Influence the Development of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes with Concomitant Metabolic Changes’, Environmental Research 178 (2019): 108685, ISSN 0013–9351.

  42. William Lana, personal communication, 2022.

  43. Harvey, We Want Real Food, 219–220.

  44. Montgomery et al., ‘Soil Health and Nutrient Density’, e12848.

  45. Chloe MacLaren et al., ‘Long-term Evidence for Ecological Intensifi- cation as a Pathway to Sustainable Agriculture’, Nature Sustainability 5 (2022): 770–779.

  46. Tudge, So Shall We Reap, 265.

  47. Keith Tyrell, Director, Pesticide Action UK, personal communication, 31 January 2023.

  48. Tyrell, personal communication. More info at: https://www.pan-uk. org/pesticide-poisoning.

  49. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (London: Penguin Random House, 2000).

CHAPTER TWO

  1. Jane A. Entwistle, Andrew S. Hursthouse, Paula A. Marinho Reis and Alex G. Stewart, ‘Metalliferous Mine Dust: Human Health Impacts and the Potential Determinants of Disease in Mining Communities’, Current Pollution Reports 5 (2019): 67–83.

  2. Aristo Vojdani and Elroy Vojdani, ‘The Role of Exposomes in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmune Diseases I: Toxic Chemicals and Food’, Pathophysiology 28, no. 4 (2021): 513–543; G.M. Mujtba Hashmi and Munir H. Shah, ‘Comparative Assessment of Essential and Toxic Metals in the Blood of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Healthy Subjects’, Biological Trace Element Research 146 (2012): 13–22; Robert L. Siblerud and Eldon Kienholz, ‘Evidence that Mercury from Silver Dental Fillings May Be an Etilological Factor in Multiple Sclerosis’, Science of the Total Environment 142, no. 3 (1994): 191–205; S.V.S. Rana, ‘Perspectives in Endocrine Toxicity of Heavy Metals – A Review’, Biological Trace Element Research 160 (2014): 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0023-7; Luísa Eça Guimarães, Britain Baker, Carlo Perricone and Yehuda Shoen- feld, ‘Vaccines, Adjuvants and Autoimmunity’, Pharmacological Research 100 (2015): 190–209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.003.

  3. T. Coles at the Soil Association, personal communication, 14 July 2023.

  4. Farhana Zahir, Shamim J. Rizwi, Soghra K. Haq and Rizwan H. Khan, ‘Low Dose Mercury Toxicity and Human Health’, Environmental Toxicol- ogy and Pharmacology 20, no. 2 (2005): 351–360.

  5. Magnus Nylander, L. Friberg and B. Lind, ‘Mercury Concentrations in the Human Brain and Kidneys in Relation to Exposure from Dental Amalgam Fillings’, Swedish Dental Journal 11, no. 5 (1987): 179–187; Pat- rick Störtebecker, ‘Mercury Poisoning from Dental Amalgam through a Direct Nose-brain Transport’, The Lancet 333, no. 8648 (1989): 1207; M.J. Vimy and F.L. Lorscheider, ‘Clinical Science: Intra-oral Air Mercury Released from Dental Amalgam’, Journal of Dental Research 64, no. 8 (1985): 1069–1071, https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345850640080901.

  6. Henrik Lichtenberg, ‘Elimination of Symptoms by Removal of Dental Amalgam from mercury Poisoned Patients, As Compared with a Control Group of Average Patients’, Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine 8 (1993): 145–145.

  7. Dominik Nischwitz, It’s All in Your Mouth: Biological Dentistry and the Surprising Impact of Oral Health on Whole Body Wellness (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2020).

  8. Anna Ciéslińska, Elzbieta Kostyra and Huub F.J. Savelkoul, ‘Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder with Gluten-free and Casein-free Diet: The Underlying Microbiota-gut-brain Axis Mechanisms’, HSOA Journal of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy 3 (2017): 009.

  9. Matts Hanson, ‘Amalgam: Hazards in Your Teeth’, Journal of Orthomo- lecular Psychiatry 12, no. 3 (1983): 194–201; Patrick Störtebecker, ‘Direct Transport of Mercury from the Oronasal Cavity to the Cranial Cavity as a Cause of Dental Amalgam Poisoning’, Swedish Journal of Biological Medicine 3 (1989): 8–21; Vera D.M. Stejskal, Margit Forsbeck, Karin Cederbrant and Ola Asteman, ‘Mercury-specific Lymphocytes: An Notes 209 Indication of Mercury Allergy in Man’, Journal of Clinical Immunology 16(1996): 31–40.

  10. Irving M. Shapiro et al., ‘Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Function in Mercury-exposed Dentists’, The Lancet 319, no. 8282 (1982): 1147–1150; B.P. Uzzell et al., ‘Chronic Low-level Mercury Exposure and Neuropsychological Functioning’, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 8, no. 5 (1982): 1147–1150.

  11. ‘Gold Amalgam’, Geology, https://geology.com/usgs/gold.

  12. Catherine Tomicic, David Vernez, Tounaba Belem and Michèle Berode, ‘Human Mercury Exposure Associated with Small-scale Gold Mining in Burkina Faso’, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 84 (2011): 539–546; Justice Afrifa et al., ‘The Clinical Importance of the Mercury Problem in Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining’, Frontiers in Public Health 7 (2019): 131.

  13. Rock and Gem, https://www.rockngem.com.

  14. Dr Graeme Munro-Hall, personal communication, 15 May 2023.

  15. Dr Rachel Nicoll, lecture to British Society for Ecological Medicine, London, 2015.

  16. Michael Coryell et al., ‘The Gut Microbiome is Required for Full Protection against Acute Arsenic Toxicity in Mouse Models’, Nature Communications 9, no. 1 (2018): 5424.

  17. Michael P. Waalkes, ‘Cadmium Carcinogenesis’, Mutation Research/Funda- mental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 533, no. 1–2 (2003): 107–120.

  18. P.D. Darbre, ‘Metalloestrogens: An Emerging Class of Inorganic Xenoestrogens with Potential to Add to the Oestrogenic Burden of the Human Breast’, Journal of Applied Toxicology 26 (2006): 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.1135.

  19. E. Blaurock-Busch et al., ‘Metal Exposure in the Children of Punjab, India’, Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics 2 (2010): CMT-S5154.

  20. A.M.G. Campbell, E.R. Williams and D. Barltrop, ‘Motor Neurone Disease and Exposure to Lead’, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 33, no. 6 (1970): 877–885.

  21. Hokuto Nakata et al., ‘Narrative Review of Lead Poisoning in Humans Caused by Industrial Activities and Measures Compatible with Sustain- able Industrial Activities in Republic of Zambia’, Science of The Total Environment 850 (2022): 157833.

  22. R.M. Abdel-Megeed, ‘Probiotics: A Promising Generation of Heavy Metal Detoxification’, Biol Trace Elem Res 199 (2021): 2406–2413, https:// doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02350-1.

  23. P.D. Darbre, ‘Aluminium and the Human Breast’, Morphologie 100, no. 329 (2016): 65–74.

  24. Daniel P. Perl, ‘Relationship of Aluminum to Alzheimer’s Dis- ease’, Environmental Health Perspectives 63 (1985): 149–153.

  25. Abdel-Megeed, ‘Probiotics’, 2406–2413.

  26. B. Vellingiri et al., ‘Influence of Heavy Metals in Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview’, Journal of Neurology 269 (2022): 5798–5811.

  27. Magdalena Czajka et al., ‘Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanopar-ticles in Central Nervous System’, Toxicology In Vitro 29, no. 5 (2015): 1042–1052.

  28. EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings et al., ‘Scientific Opin- ion on the Safety Assessment of Titanium Dioxide (E171) as a Food Additive’, EFSA Journal 19, no. 5 (2021): e06585, https://doi.org/10.2903/j.ef sa.2021.6585.

CHAPTER THREE

  1. William R. MacKenzie et al., ‘A Massive Outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium Infection Transmitted through the Public Water Supply’, New England Journal of Medicine 331, no. 3 (1994): 161–167.

  2. Krishna Gopal et al., ‘Chlorination Byproducts, Their Toxico- dynamics and Removal from Drinking Water’, Journal of Hazardous Materials 140, no. 1–2 (2007): 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.063.

  3. Susan Richardson et al., ‘Occurrence, Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Regulated and Emerging Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water: A Review and Roadmap for Research’, Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 636, no. 1–3 (2007): 178–242.

  4. Kenneth P. Cantor et al., ‘Drinking Water Source and Chlorination Byproducts I. Risk of Bladder Cancer’, Epidemiology 9, no. 1 (1998): 21–28; Mariana E Hildesheim et al., ‘Drinking Water Source and Chlori- nation Byproducts II. Risk of Colon and Rectal Cancers’, Epidemiology 9, no. 1 (1998): 29–35; Timothy J. Doyle et al., ‘The Association of Drinking Water Source and Chlorination By-Products with Cancer Incidence Notes 211 Among Postmenopausal Women in Iowa: A Prospective Cohort Study’, American Journal of Public Health 87, no. 7 (1997): 1168–1176.

  5. Patrick Smeets, Gertjan J. Medema and J.C. van Dijk, ‘The Dutch Secret: How to Provide Safe Drinking Water Without Chlorine in the Netherlands’, Drinking Water Engineering and Science 2, no. 1 (2009): 1–14; Joop C. Kruithof, R. Chr. van der Leer and Wim A.M. Hijnen, ‘Practical Experiences with UV Disinfection in the Netherlands’, Aqua – Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology 41, no. 2 (1992): 88–94.

  6. Paul Connett, James Beck and H. Spedding Micklem, The Case Against Fluoride: How Hazardous Waste Ended Up in Our Drinking Water and the Bad Science and Powerful Politics That Keep It There (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2012), 40.

  7. L. Seppä , S. Kärkkäinen and H. Hausen. ‘Caries Trends 1992–1998 in Two Low-Fluoride Finnish Towns Formerly with and without Fluorida- tion’, Caries Research 34, no. 6 (2000): 462–468; W. Künzel and T. Fischer, ‘Caries Prevalence after Cessation of Water Fluoridation in La Salud, Cuba’, Caries Research 34, no. 1 (2000): 20–25.

  8. John Colquhoun, ‘Why I Changed My Mind About Water Fluorida- tion’, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 41, no. 1 (1997): 29–44, https:// doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1997.0017; John A. Yiamouyiannis, ‘Water Fluori- dation and Tooth Decay: Results from the 1986–1987 National Survey of U.S. School Children’, Fluoride 23, no.2 (1990): 55–67.

  9. Connett, Beck and Micklem, Case Against Fluoride, 38.

  10. Hardy Limeback, ‘A Re-examination of the Pre-eruptive and Post- eruptive Mechanism of the Anti-caries Effects of Fluoride: Is There Any Anti-caries Benefit from Swallowing Fluoride?’, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 27, no. 1 (1999): 62–71.

  11. H.V. Churchill, ‘The Occurrence of Fluorides in Some Waters of the United States’, Journal of Dental Research 12, no. 1 (1932): 141–148, https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345320120010401.

  12. Y. Lu et al., ‘Effect of High-fluoride Water on Intelligence in Children’, Fluoride 33, no. 2 (2000): 74–78.

  13. Wendee Nicole, ‘Denser but Not Stronger? Fluoride-Induced Bone Growth and Increased Risk of Hip Fractures’, Environmental Health Perspectives 129, no. 7 (2007): 074001.

  14. Emilie Helte et al., ‘Fluoride in Drinking Water, Diet, and Urine in Rela- tion to Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Incidence in Postmenopausal Women’, Environmental Health Perspectives 129, no. 4 (2021): 047005.

  15. Chris Neurath, ‘Presentation at the 35th Conference of the Interna- tional Society for Fluoride Research’, 28–31 July 2022, Harbin, China. (Includes their own methodology and results, and a critique of PHE’s study.)

  16. Elise B. Bassin et al., ‘Age-specific Fluoride Exposure in Drinking Water and Osteosarcoma (United States)’, Cancer Causes and Control 17 (2006): 421–428.

  17. Connett, Beck and Micklem, Case Against Fluoride, chapter 18.

  18. Ann L. Choi, Guifan Sun, Ying Zhang and Philippe Grandjean, ‘Developmental Fluoride Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis’, Environmental Health Perspectives 120, no. 10 (2012): 1362–1368; Anna L. Choi et al., ‘Association of Lifetime Exposure to Fluoride and Cognitive Functions in Chinese Children: A Pilot Study’, Neurotoxicology and Teratology 47 (2015): 96–101; Philippe Grandjean, ‘Developmental Fluoride Neurotoxicity: An Updated Review’, Environmental Health 18, no. 1 (2019): 1–17.

  19. Christine Till et al., ‘Community Water Fluoridation and Urinary Fluoride Concentrations in a National Sample of Pregnant Women in Canada’, Environmental Health Perspectives 126, no. 10 (2018): 107001; Abduweli Uyghurturk et al., ‘Maternal and Fetal Exposures to Fluoride during Mid-gestation Among Pregnant Women in Northern Califor- nia’, Environmental Health 19, no. 1 (2020): 1–9.

  20. Christine Till et al., ‘Fluoride Exposure from Infant Formula and Child IQ in a Canadian Birth Cohort’, Environment International 134 (2020): 105315.

  21. Morteza Bashash et al., ‘Prenatal Fluoride Exposure and Cognitive Out- comes in Children at 4 and 6–12 years of Age in Mexico’, Environmental Health Perspectives 125, no. 9 (2017): 097017.

  22. Alejandra Cantoral et al., ‘Dietary Fluoride Intake During Pregnancy and Neurodevelopment in Toddlers: A Prospective Study in the Progress Cohort’, Neurotoxicology 87 (2021): 86–93.

  23. Cantoral et al., ‘Dietary Fluoride Intake During Pregnancy’, 86–93. 24. Rivka Green et al., ‘Association Between Maternal Fluoride Expo-sure During Pregnancy and IQ Scores in Offspring in Canada’, JAMA

  24. Pediatrics 173, no. 10 (2019): 940–948; Q. Xiang et al., ‘Effect of Fluoride in Drinking Water on Children’s Intelligence’, Fluoride 36, no. 2 (2003): 84–94; Philippe Grandjean et al., ‘A Benchmark Dose Analysis for Maternal Pregnancy Urine-Fluoride and IQ in Children’, Risk Analysis 42, no. 3 (2022): 439–449.

  25. L. Valdez Jiménez et al., ‘In Utero Exposure to Fluoride and Cognitive Development Delay in Infants’, Neurotoxicology 59 (2017): 65–70.

  26. Morteza Bashash et al., ‘Prenatal Fluoride Exposure and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in Children at 6–12 Years of Age in Mexico City’, Environment International 121 (2018): 658–666.

  27. Connett, Beck and Micklem, Case Against Fluoride, chapter 19.

  28. Meaghan Hall et al., ‘Fluoride Exposure and Hypothyroidism in a Canadian Pregnancy Cohort’, Science of The Total Environment 869 (2023): 161149.

  29. Carly V. Goodman et al., ‘Iodine Status Modifies the Association Between Fluoride Exposure in Pregnancy and Preschool Boys’ Intelli- gence’, Nutrients 14, no. 14 (2022): 2920.

  30. Jennifer Luke, ‘Fluoride Deposition in the Aged Human Pineal Gland’, Caries Research 35, no. 2 (2001): 125–128; Jennifer Anne Luke, ‘The Effect of Fluoride on the Physiology of the Pineal Gland’ (PhD diss., University of Surrey, 1997).

  31. Connett, Beck and Micklem, Case Against Fluoride, 166.

  32. Elizabeth A. McDonagh, ‘Rapid Response: Fluoride – a Harmful Mineral Element’, British Medical Journal 335 (2007): 699, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39318.562951.BE.

  33. McDonagh, ‘Rapid Response’, 699.

  34. Joel Bakan, The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power (London: Hachette, 2012).

  35. Christopher Bryson, The Fluoride Deception (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2004).

  36. Connett, Beck and Micklem, Case Against Fluoride, 264–5.

  37. Will McCallum, How to Give up Plastic (New York: Penguin Random House, 2019).

  38. Natalie Fée, How to Save the World for Free (London: Laurence King, 2021), 11, 16, 48–49, 66–69, 89.

  39. My thanks to Tyler Luke Cunningham for drawing my attention to this documentary.

  40. Julia R. Varshavsky et al., ‘Dietary Sources of Cumulative Phthalates Exposure Among the US General Population in NHANES 2005– 2014’, Environment International 115 (2018): 417–429.

  41. Dr Pol de Saedeleer, ‘Presentation to British Society for Ecological Medicine’, 23 June 2023, London, UK; Sailas Benjamin et al., ‘Phthalates Impact Human Health: Epidemiological Evidences and Plausible Mech- anism of Action’, Journal of Hazardous Materials 340 (2017): 360–383; Waleed Adawi, Nishadh Sutaria and Varsha Parthasarathy, ‘35256 Urinary Mono-benzyl-phthalate Levels are Associated with Increasing Psoriasis Severity in US Adults’, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 87, no. 3 (2022): AB125; Henrieta Hlisníková et al., ‘Effects and Mechanisms of Phthalates’ Action on Reproductive Processes and Reproductive Health: A Literature Review’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (2020): 6811.

  42. Haitao Zhu et al., ‘Growth-promoting Effect of Bisphenol A on Neuroblastoma In Vitro And In Vivo’, Journal of Pediatric Surgery 44, no. 4 (2009): 672–680.

  43. Maurício Martins da Silva et al., ‘Inhibition of Type 1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase by Bisphenol A’, Hormone and Metabolic Research 51, no. 10 (2019): 671–677.

  44. Ming-Yu Xie, ‘Exposure to Bisphenol A and the Development of Asthma: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies’, Reproductive Toxicol- ogy 65 (2016): 224–229.

  45. David Melzer et al., ‘Association of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration with Heart Disease: Evidence from NHANES 2003/06’, PloS One 5, no. 1 (2010): e8673.

  46. Datis Kharrazian, ‘The Potential Roles of Bisphenol A (BPA) Pathogen- esis in Autoimmunity’, Autoimmune Diseases 2014 (2014).

  47. Pol de Saedeleer, ‘Presentation to British Society for Ecological Medicine’.

  48. Pol de Saedeleer.

  49. Jennifer C. Hartle, Ana Navas-Acien and Robert S. Lawrence, ‘The Consumption of Canned Food and Beverages and Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations in NHANES 2003–2008’, Environmental Research 150 (2016): 375–382. Notes 215 50.

  50. McCallum, How to Give up Plastic, 86.

  51. Toxic-Free Future, ‘Toxic Convenience: The hidden Costs of Forever Chemicals in Stain- and Water-Resistant Products’, 26 January 2022.

  52. Alden Wicker, To Dye For (New York: Putnam, 2023).

  53. Amelia Twine, personal communication, 12 September 2023.

  54. Russ Carrington, personal communication, 20 July 2023.

  55. Rebecca Hosking, personal communication, July 2023.

  56. My thanks to Amelia Twine, op cit, for much of the information contained in this paragraph.

  57. Rebecca Burgess, Fibershed (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2019).

  58. My thanks to Emma Hague of South West England Fibreshed for checking this section.

  59. Fée, How to Save the World for Free, 143.

  60. Jacqui and Michael: thanks for the inspiration!

  61. Alden Wicker, To Dye For, 87.

  62. Chunyuan Fei et al., ‘Perfluorinated Chemicals and Fetal Growth: A Study Within the Danish National Birth Cohort’, Environmental Health Perspectives 115, no. 11 (2007): 1677–1682.

  63. Chunjie Xia et al., ‘Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms’, Environmental Science & Technology 56, no. 19 (2022): 13845–13857.

  64. Kathryn M. Rodgers et al., ‘How Well Do Product Labels Indicate the Presence of PFAS in Consumer Items Used by Children and Adoles- cents?’, Environmental Science & Technology 56, no. 10 (2022): 6294–6304

  65. Fire Brigades Union, ‘Fire Contaminants Linked to Significant Physical and Mental Health Issues Among UK Firefighters’, 10 January 2023, https://www.f bu.org.uk/news/2023/01/10/ fire-contaminants-linked-significant-physical-and-mental-health- issues-among-uk.

  66. Min Joo Kim et al., ‘Association Between Perfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure and Thyroid Function in Adults: A Meta-analysis’, PloS One 13, no. 5 (2018): e0197244.

  67. Cathrine Carlsen Bach et al., ‘Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Human Fetal Growth: A Systematic Review’, Critical Reviews in Toxicology 45, no. 1 (2015): 53–67.

  68. Sarah S. Knox et al., ‘Implications of Early Menopause in Women Exposed to Perfluorocarbons’, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, no. 6 (2011): 1747–1753.

  69. Xia et al., ‘Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances’, 13845–13857.

  70. Sung Kyun Park et al., ‘Per- and Polyf luoroalkyl Substances and Incident Diabetes in Midlife Women: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)’, Diabetologia 65, no. 7 (2022): 1157–1168.

  71. Jesse A. Goodrich et al., ‘Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Multiethnic Cohort’, JHEP Reports 4, no. 10 (2022): 100550.

  72. Vladislav Obsekov, Linda G. Kahn and Leonardo Trasande, ‘Leveraging Systematic Reviews to Explore Disease Burden and Costs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposures in the United States’, Exposure and Health 15, no. 2 (2023): 373–394.

  73. Viet Tung Nguyen, Martin Reinhard and Gin Yew-Hoong Karina, ‘Occurrence and Source Characterization of Perfluorochemicals in an Urban Watershed,’ Chemosphere 82, no. 9 (2011): 1277–1285.

  74. John Naish, ‘The Toxic “Forever Chemicals” That Could Be Lurking In Your Home’, The Times, 28 September 2022.

  75. Naish, ‘The Toxic “Forever Chemicals”’.

  76. Bakan, The Corporation.

  77. Wicker, To Dye For, 85.

  78. Esme Stallard and Jonah Fisher, ‘Raw Sewage Spills into England Rivers and Seas Doubles in 2023’, BBC News, 27 March 2024, https://www. bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-68665335.

  79. Gill Plimmer and Ella Hollowood, ‘Water Companies Pay £2.5bn in Dividends in Two Years as Debt Climbs by £8.2bn’, Financial Times, 15 April 2024, https://www.ft.com/content/ c3cdfef b-c912-4699-bb7f-72c5c6515757.

  80. Guy Singh-Watson, ‘Water, Unbridled Capitalism and Geese’, Wicked Leeks, 22 June 2023, https://wickedleeks.riverford.co.uk/opinion/ water-unbridled-capitalism-and-geese.

  81. John L. Wilkinson et al., ‘Pharmaceutical Pollution of the World’s Rivers’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 8 (2022): e2113947119.

  82. Notes 217 82. Thomas H. Miller et al., ‘A Review of the Pharmaceutical Exposome in Aquatic Fauna’, Environmental Pollution 239 (2018): 129–146.

  83. Wilkinson et al., ‘Pharmaceutical Pollution’, e2113947119.

  84. A. Elaine McKeown and George Bugyi, Impact of Water Pollution on Human Health and Environmental Sustainability (Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2016), 61.

CHAPTER FOUR

  1. Stephen T. Holgate, ‘“Every Breath We Take: The Lifelong Impact of Air Pollution”– A Call for Action’, Clinical Medicine 17, no. 1 (2017): 8; Zeinab Al-Rekabi et al., ‘Uncovering the Cytotoxic Effects of Air Pollu- tion with Multi-modal Imaging of In Vitro Respiratory Models’, Royal Society Open Science 10, no. 4 (2023): 221426; Clean Air Fund, https:// www.cleanairfund.org.

  2. European Environment Agency, ‘Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Europe, 2022’, EEA, last modified 20 November 2023, https:// www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/ health-impacts-of-air-pollution.

  3. Christine Ro, ‘Could “Flight Shame” Lead to Green Holiday Travel? Meet the Companies Prompting Employees to Choose Trains over Planes’, BBC, 18 September 2019, https://www.bbc.com/worklife/ article/20190918-some-firms-give-more-time-off-to-those-who-shun- plane-travel.

  4. Ro, ‘Could “Flight Shame” Lead to Green Holiday Travel?’

  5. Katja M Bendtsen, Elizabeth Bengtsen, Anne T. Saber and Ulla Vogel, ‘A Review of Health Effects Associated with Exposure to Jet Engine Emissions In and Around Airports’, Environmental Health 20, no. 1 (2021): 1–21.

  6. Jeremy Thompson and Honor Anthony, ‘The Health Effects of Waste Incinerators’, British Society for Ecological Medicine, 2005.

  7. Damian Carrington, ‘Microplastic Raining Down on Cities, Say Scientists Amid Call for Urgent Research’, Guardian, 28 December 2019, 5.

  8. Carrington, ‘Microplastic Raining Down on Cities’, 5.

  9. Christoph Steffen et al., ‘Acute Childhood Leukaemia and Environmental- tal Exposure to Potential Sources of Benzene and Other Hydrocarbons; A Case-control Study’, Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61, no. 9 (2004): 773–778; Pauline Brosselin et al., ‘Acute Childhood Leukaemia and Residence Next to Petrol Stations and Automotive Repair Garages: the ESCALE study (SFCE)’, Occupational and Environmental Medicine 66, no. 9 (2009): 598–606.

  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer.

  11. Peter Kaatsch, ‘Epidemiology of Childhood Cancer’, Cancer Treatment Reviews 36, no. 4 (2010): 277–285

  12. Theodore I. Lidsky and Jay S. Schneider, ‘Lead Neurotoxicity in Children: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Correlates’, Brain 126, no. 1 (2003): 5–19.

  13. Zhang, Zili, Jian Wang and Wenju Lu, ‘Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis’, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25 (2018): 15133–15145.

  14. Sara M. May and James T.C. Li, ‘Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Healthcare Costs and Beyond’, Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 36, no. 1 (2015): 4.

  15. Tim Smedley, Clearing the Air: The Beginning and the End of Air Pollution (London: Bloomsbury, 2019), 17–18.

  16. Smedley, Clearing the Air, 76–77.

  17. Ning Li et al., ‘A Work Group Report on Ultrafine Particles (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology): Why Ambient Ultrafine and Engineered Nanoparticles Should Receive Special Attention For Possible Adverse Health Outcomes in Human Subjects’, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 138, no. 2 (2016): 386–396.

  18. C. Arden Pope III et al., ’Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution’, JAMA 287, no. 9 (2002): 1132–1141.

  19. Richard B. Hayes et al., ‘PM2. 5 Air Pollution and Cause-Specific Cardiovascular Disease Mortality’, International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 1 (2020): 25–35.

  20. Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas et al., ‘Air Pollution, Combustion and Friction Derived Nanoparticles, and Alzheimer’s Disease in Urban Children and Young Adults’, Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 70, no. 2 (2019): 343–360.

  21. Norrice M. Liu et al., ‘Evidence for the Presence of Air Pollution Nanoparticles in Placental Tissue Cells’, Science of The Total Environment 751 (2021): 142235

  22. Holgate, ‘“Every Breath We Take”’, 8.

  23. Rossa Brugha and Jonathan Grigg, ‘Urban Air Pollution and Respiratory Infections’, Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 15, no. 2 (2014): 194–199.

  24. Jonathan Grigg, ‘Helping London’s Children Breathe More Easily: How Queen Mary Research Influenced the Introduction of the Ultra Low Emission Zone’, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University, London, 16 May 2021.

  25. Sadiq Khan, Breathe: Tackling the Climate Emergency (London: Hutchinson Heinemann, 2023) 56.

  26. Unicef UK, ‘The Toxic School Run’, Unicef UK Research Briefing (2019).

  27. Nathan R. Gray, Alastair C. Lewis and Sarah J. Moller, ‘Deprivation Based Inequality in NO x Emissions in England’, Environmental Science: Advances 2, no. 9 (2023): 1261–1272.

  28. Li Wang et al., ‘Air Quality Strategies on Public Health and Health Equity in Europe – a Systematic Review’, International Journal of Environ- mental Research and Public Health 13, no. 12 (2016): 1196.

  29. A. Karamanos et al., ‘Associations Between Air Pollutants and Blood Pressure in an Ethnically Diverse Cohort of Adolescents in London, England’, Plos One 18, no. 2 (2023): e0279719.

  30. Bert Brunekreef and Stephen T. Holgate, ‘Air pollution and Health’, The Lancet 360, no. 9341 (2002): 1233–1242

  31. Dick van Steenis, ‘Airborne Pollutants and Acute Health Effects’, The Lancet 345, no. 8954 (1995): 923.

  32. House of Commons, Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, written evidence, 11 May 2006.

  33. Kelly Ng, ‘Thailand: 10 million Sought Treatment for Pollution-Related Illnesses in 2023’, BBC News, 6 March 2024, https://www.bbc.co.uk /news/world-asia-68487230.

  34. Gary Fuller, Stav Friedman and Ian Mudway, Impacts of Air Pollution Across the Life Course – Evidence Highlight Note, (London: Imperial College London, Environmental Research Group, 2023); Dean E. Schraufnagel et al., ‘Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases:

  35. A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies’ Environmental Committee, Part 2: Air Pollution and Organ Sys- tems’, Chest 155, no. 2 (2019): 417-426; Karn Vohra et al., ‘Global Mortality from Outdoor Fine Particle Pollution Generated by Fossil Fuel Combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem’, Environmental Research 195 (2021): 110754.

  36. Teumzghi F. Mebrahtu et al., ‘The Effects of Exposure to NO2, PM2. 5 and PM10 on Health Service Attendances with Respiratory Illnesses: A Time-series Analysis’, Environmental Pollution 333 (2023): 122123.

  37. Fuller, Friedman and Mudway, ‘Impacts of Air Pollution’, 2. 37. Survival International, personal communication, 20 June 2023. 38.

  38. Tim Smedley, Clearing the Air, 197–205.

  39. Ian S. Mudway et al., ‘Impact of London’s Low Emission Zone on Air Quality and Children’s Respiratory Health: A Sequential Annual Cross-sectional Study’, The Lancet Public Health 4, no. 1 (2019): e28–e40; Rosemary C. Chamberlain et al., ‘Health Effects of Low Emission and Congestion Charging Zones: A Systematic Review’, The Lancet Public Health 8, no. 7 (2023): e559–e574.

  40. Alexander Massey, personal communication, 28 September 2023.

  41. Rob Verkerk, Alliance for Natural Health, personal communication, 27 October 2023.

CHAPTER FIVE

  1. Martin J. Gardner et al., ‘Results of Case-control Study of Leukaemia and Lymphoma Among Young People Near Sellafield Nuclear Plant in West Cumbria’, British Medical Journal 300, no. 6722 (1990): 423–429; Martin J. Gardner et al., ‘Follow Up Study of Children Born to Mothers Resident in Seascale, West Cumbria (birth cohort)’, British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition) 295, no. 6602 (1987): 822–827; J.W. Stather et al., ‘The Risk of Leukemia in Seascale from Radiation Exposure’, Health Physics 55, no. 2 (1988): 471–481.

  2. Christopher Busby, ‘Is There Evidence of Adverse Health Effects Near US Nuclear Installations? Infant Mortality in Coastal Communities near The Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Station in California, 1989–2012’, Jacobs Journal of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine 2, no.3 (2016): 030; Peter J. Baker and D.G. Hoel, ‘Meta-analysis of Standardized Incidence and Mortality Rates of Childhood Leukaemia in Proximity to Nuclear Facilities’, European Journal of Cancer Care 16, no. 4 (2007): 355–363.

  3. Notes 221 3. Chris Busby, Wings of Death: Nuclear Pollution and Human Health (Aberystwyth: Green Audit Books, 1995), 58.

  4. Alice Stewart, Josefine Webb and David Hewitt, ‘A Survey of Childhood Malignancies’, British Medical Journal 1, no. 5086 (1958): 1495.

  5. Brian MacMahon ‘Prenatal X-ray Exposure and Childhood Cancer’, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 28, no. 5 (1962): 1173–1191.

  6. Jay M. Gould and Benjamin A. Goldman, Deadly Deceit: Low Level Radiation, High Level Cover-up (New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 1991), 15–17.

  7. Gould and Goldman, Deadly Deceit, 15.

  8. Gould and Goldman , 39.

  9. Keith Schneider, ‘Severe Accidents at Nuclear Plant Were Kept Secret up to 31 Years’, New York Times, 1 October 1988.

  10. Gould and Goldman, Deadly Deceit, 48–51.

  11. Gould and Goldman, 175–7.

  12. Gould and Goldman, 50–51.

  13. Busby, Wings of Death, 236–272.

  14. Chris Busby and Mireille de Messieres, ‘Cancer Near Trawsfynydd Nuclear Power Station in Wales, UK: A Cross Sectional Cohort Study’, Environmental Research SIA, 6 March 2015.

  15. P.M. Sheehan and Irene B. Hillary, ‘An Unusual Cluster of Babies with Down’s Syndrome Born to Former Pupils of an Irish Boarding School’, British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.) 287, no. 6403 (1983): 1428.

  16. Richard Bramhall, Low Level Radiation Campaign, personal communi- cation, 10 November 23.

  17. Chris Busby and Molly Scott Cato, ‘Increases in Leukemia in Infants in Wales and Scotland Following Chernobyl: Evidence for Errors in Statu- tory Risk Estimates’, Energy & Environment 11, no. 2 (2000): 127–139.

  18. Busby, Wings of Death, 89.

  19. Busby, 89

  20. Derek Jakeman, ‘New Estimates of Radioactive Discharges from Sellafield’, British Medical Journal 293, no. 6549 (20 September 1986): 760.

  21. Abram Petkau, ‘Radiation Carcinogenesis From A Membrane Perspec- tive’, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum 492 (1980): 81–90.

  22. Joseph J. Mangano and Janette D. Sherman, ‘Elevated In Vivo Stron- tium-90 from Nuclear Weapons Test Fallout Among Cancer Decedents: A Case-control Study of Deciduous Teeth’, International Journal of Health Services 41, no. 1 (2011): 137–158.

  23. N.A. Gillett et al., ‘Strontium-90 Induced Bone Tumours in Beagle Dogs: Effects of Route of Exposure and Dose Rate’, International Journal of Radiation Biology 61, no. 6 (1992): 821–831; C.S. Klusek, ‘Strontium-90 in Food and Bone from Fallout’, Journal of Environmental Quality 16, no. 3 (1987): 195–199; Harmen Bijwaard, Marco J.P. Brug- mans and Henk P. Leenhouts, ‘Two-mutation Models For Bone Cancer Due to Radium, Strontium And Plutonium’, Radiation Research 162, no. 2 (2004): 171–184.

  24. Yasushi Nishiwaki et al., ‘Effects of Radioactive Fallout on the Pregnant Woman and the Fetus’, International Journal of Environmental Studies 2, no. 1–4 (1971): 277–289; Busby, Wings of Death, 219.

  25. Alexandra Dawe at al., Nuclear Scars: The Lasting Legacies of Chernobyl and Fukushima (Amsterdam: Greenpeace International, 2016).

  26. V.A. Stsjazhko et al., ‘Childhood Thyroid Cancer Since Accident At Chernobyl’, British Medical Journal 310, no. 6982 (1995): 801.

  27. Toshihide Tsuda, Akiko Tokinobu, Eiji Yamamoto and Etsuji Suzuki, ‘Thyroid Cancer Detection By Ultrasound Among Residents Ages 18 Years and Younger In Fukushima, Japan: 2011 to 2014’, Epidemiology 27, no. 3 (2016): 316.

  28. Inge Schmitz-Feuerhake, Christopher Busby and Sebastian Pflug- beil, ‘Genetic Radiation Risks: A Neglected Topic in the Low Dose Debate’, Environmental Health and Toxicology 31 (2016).

  29. Busby, Wings of Death, 234.

  30. Chris Busby and M.E. de Messieres, ‘Miscarriages and Congenital Conditions in Offspring of Veterans of the British Nuclear Atmospheric Test Programme’, Epidemiology (sunnyvale) 4 (2014): 172.

  31. Chris Busby and Aleksandra Fucic, ‘Ionizing Radiation and Children’s Health: Conclusions’, Acta Paediatrica 95 (2006): 81–85.

  32. Richard Bramhall, Low Level Radiation Campaign, personal communi- cation, 10 November 2023.

  33. Chris Busby, ‘Uranium Epidemiology’, Jacobs Journal of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine 1, no.2 (2015): 009; Gould and Goldman, Deadly Deceit, 21.

  34. Chris Busby, ‘Uranium Weapons Being Employed in Ukraine Have Significantly Increased Uranium Levels in the Air in the UK ’, Environmental Research SIA, 14 March 2023, https://doi.org/10.21203/ rs.3.rs-2681787/v1.

  35. Busby, ‘Uranium Epidemiology’, 009.

  36. Bramhall, personal communication.

  37. Busby, ‘Uranium Epidemiology’, 009.

  38. Bramhall, personal communication.

  39. Stewart, Webb and Hewitt, ‘A Survey of Childhood Malignancies’, 1495.

  40. Busby, Wings of Death, 123.

  41. Shoji Sawada, ‘Cover-up of the Effects of Internal Exposure By Residual Radiation from the atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki’, Medicine, Conflict and Survival 23, no. 1 (2007): 58–74.

  42. Chris Busby, ‘The Hiroshima A-Bomb Black Rain and the Lifespan Study; A Resolution of the Enigma’, Cancer Investigation 39, no. 10 (2021): 902–907.

  43. Chris Busby, ‘Child Health and Ionizing Radiation: Science, Politics and European Law’, Pediatric Dimensions 2 (2017): 1–4.

  44. Richard Bramhall, ‘The Chernobyl Deniers Use Far Too Simple A Measure of Radiation Risk’, Guardian, 20 April 2011.

  45. Chris Busby, ‘Ionizing Radiation and Cancer: The Failure of the Risk Model’, Cancer Treatment and Research Communications 31 (2022): 100565.

  46. Busby, Wings of Death, 184–5.

  47. Gould and Goldman, Deadly Deceit, 96.

  48. Chris Busby, ‘Very Low Dose Fetal Exposure to Chernobyl Con- tamination Resulted in Increases in Infant Leukemia in Europe and Raises Questions About Current Radiation Risk Models’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 6, no. 12 (2009): 3105–3114

  49. Chris Busby, Mireille de Messieres and Saoirse Morgan, ‘Infant and Perinatal Mortality and Stillbirths near Hinkley Point Nuclear Power Station in Somerset, 2005–1993; an Epidemiological Investigation of Causation’, Jacobs Journal of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (2015).

CHAPTER SIX

  1. Jessica A. Adams et al., ‘Effect of Mobile Telephones on Sperm Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis’, Environment International 70 (2014): 106–112.

  2. Rebecca L. Siegel et al., ‘Global Patterns and Trends in Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Young Adults’, Gut (2019): gutjnl-2019; J. Gandhi et al., ‘Population-based Study Demonstrating an Increase in Colorectal Cancer in Young Patients’, Journal of British Surgery 104, no. 8 (2017): 1063–1068

  3. Magda Havas, ‘Analysis of Health and Environmental Effects of Proposed San Francisco Earthlink Wi-fi Network’, Commissioned by SNAFU (San Francisco Neighborhood Antenna Free Union) and presented to Board of Supervisors, City and Country of San Francisco (2007).

  4. M. Bevington, Electromagnetic Sensitivity and Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity- ity: A Summary (Milton Keynes: Capability Books, 2013), 7

  5. Martin L. Pall, ‘Wi-Fi is an Important Threat to Human Health’, Environmental Research 164 (2018): 405–416.

  6. Environmental Health Trust, ‘Airpods Health and Safety FAQS’, 8 March 2020, https://ehtrust.org/ airpods-facts-health-effects-of-wireless-radiation-to-the-brain.

  7. Krzysztof Gryz, Jolanta Karpowicz and Patryk Zradziński, ‘Evaluation of the Influence of Magnetic Field on Female Users of an Induction Hob in Ergonomically Sound Exposure Situations’, Bioelectromagnetics 41, no. 7 (2020): 500–510.

  8. Carlo Valerio Bellieni et al., ‘Electromagnetic Fields in Neonatal Incubators: The Reasons For An Alert’, The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 32, no. 4 (2019): 695–699.

  9. Gerd Oberfeld, ‘Environmental Epidemiological Study of Cancer Incidence in the Municipalities of Hausmannstätten & Vasoldsberg (Austria)’, (2008).

  10. B. Blake Levitt and Henry Lai, ‘Biological Effects from Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted By Cell Tower Base Stations and Other Antenna Arrays’, Environmental Reviews 18, (2010): 369–395.

  11. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, ‘Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)’, Health Physics 118, no. 5 (2020): 483–524.

  12. Nancy Wertheimer and E.D. Leeper, ‘Electrical Wiring Configurations and Childhood Cancer’, American Journal of Epidemiology 109, no. 3 (1979): 273–284; Gerald Draper et al., ‘Childhood Cancer in Relation to Distance from High Voltage Power Lines in England and Wales: A Case-control Study’, British Medical Journal 330, no. 7503 (2005): 1290

  13. Chris Busby, ‘Childhood Leukemia, Atmospheric Test Fallout and high Voltage Power Distribution Lines’, Pediatric Dimensions (2017): 1943–77; A. P. Fews et al., ‘Increased Exposure to Pollutant Aerosols Under High Voltage Power Lines’, International Journal of Radiation Biology 75, no. 12 (1999).

  14. Zothansiama et al., ‘Impact of Radiofrequency Radiation On DNA Damage and Antioxidants in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Humans Residing in the Vicinity of Mobile Phone Base Stations’, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 36, no. 3 (2017): 295–305.

  15. Jerry L. Phillips, Narendra Pal Singh and H. Lai, ‘Electromagnetic Fields and DNA Damage’, Pathophysiology 16, no. 2–3 (2009): 79–88.

  16. M. Blank, Overpowered: What Science Tells Us About the Dangers of Cell Phones and other Wifi-age Devices (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2014), 54–55.

  17. Claudia Schwarz et al., ‘Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (UMTS, 1,950 MHz) Induce Genotoxic Effects In Vitro in Human Fibro- blasts but Not in Lymphocytes’, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 81 (2008): 755–767.

  18. Dimitris J. Panagopoulos et al., ‘Humanmade Electromagnetic Fields: Ion Forcedoscillation and Voltagegated Ion Channel Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage’, International Journal of Oncology 59, no. 5 (2021): 1–16.

  19. Martin L. Pall, ‘Microwave Electromagnetic Fields Act By Activating Voltage-gated Calcium Channels: Why the Current International Safety Standards Do Not Predict Biological Hazard’, Recent Res Devel Mol Cell Biol 7 (2014): 1–15.

  20. G. Hajnóczky et al., ‘Mitochondrial Calcium Signalling and Cell Death: Approaches for Assessing the Role of Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake In Apoptosis’, Cell Calcium 40, no. 5–6 (2006): 553–560.

  21. Blank, Overpowered, 241.

  22. D. Davis, Disconnect: The Truth About Cellphone Radiation, What the Industry is Doing to Hide it and How to Protect Your Family (New York: Plume Books, 2011), 21.

  23. Olle Johansson and Einar Flydal, ‘Health Risk from Wireless? The Debate is Over’, ElectromagneticHealth, https://electromagnetichealth.org/electromagnetic-health-blog/article-by-professor-olle-johansson-health-risk-f rom-wireless-the-debate-is-over.

  24. Daniel T. DeBaun and Ryan P. DeBaun, Radiation Nation: Fallout of Modern Technology (Princeton, NJ: Icaro Publishing, 2017), 114–5.

  25. Lennart Hardell et al., ‘Case-control Study of the Association Between Malignant Brain Tumours Diagnosed Between 2007 and 2009 and Mobile and Cordless Phone Use’, International Journal of Oncology 43, no. 6 (2013): 1833–1845.

  26. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured The Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming (New York: Bloomsbury, 2010), 136 et seq.

  27. Sandro La Vignera et al., ‘Effects of the Exposure to Mobile Phones on Male Reproduction: A Review of the Literature’, Journal of Andrology 33, no. 3 (2012): 350–356.

  28. Mehmet Esref Alkis et al., ‘Single-strand DNA Breaks and Oxidative Changes in Rat Testes Exposed to Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cellular Phones’, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 33, no. 1 (2019): 1733–1740.

  29. De-Kun Li et al., ‘A Population-based Prospective Cohort Study of Personal Exposure to Magnetic Fields During Pregnancy and the Risk of Miscarriage’, Epidemiology (2002): 9–20.

  30. Leif G. Salford et al., ‘Nerve Cell Damage in Mammalian Brain After Exposure to Microwaves from GSM Mobile Phones’, Environmental Health Perspectives 111, no. 7 (2003): 881–883.

  31. Da-peng Jiang et al., ‘Electromagnetic Pulse Exposure Induces Overex- pression of Beta Amyloid Protein in Rats’, Archives of Medical Research 44, no. 3 (2013): 178–184.

  32. Anke Huss, Adrian Spoerri, Matthias Egger and Martin Röösli for the Swiss National Cohort Study, ‘Residence Near Power Lines and Mortal- ity from Neurodegenerative Diseases: Longitudinal Study of the Swiss Population’, American Journal of Epidemiology 169, no. 2 (2009): 167–175.

  33. Allan H. Frey, Sondra R. Feld and Barbara Frey, ‘Neural Function and Behavior: Defining the Relationship’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 247, no. 433 (1975); Allan H. Frey, ‘Headaches from Cellular Telephones: Are They Real and What Are the Implications?’, Environ- mental Health Perspectives 106, no. 3 (1998): 101–103; Henrietta Nittby et al., ‘Radiofrequency and Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Effects on the Blood-brain Barrier’, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 27, no. 2 (2008): 103–126.

  34. Dariusz Leszczynski et al., ‘Non-thermal Activation of the hsp27/ p38MAPK Stress Pathway by Mobile Phone Radiation in Human Endothelial Cells: Molecular Mechanism for Cancer and Blood-brain Barrier-related Effects’, Differentiation 70, no. 2–3 (2002): 120–129.

  35. Sarah Al-Bachari et al., ‘Blood–brain Barrier Leakage is Increased in Parkinson’s Disease’, Frontiers in Physiology 11 (2020): 593026.

  36. Davis, Disconnect, 160–164.

  37. Samuel Milham, ‘Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) Is Caused by Electric Currents Applied to or Induced in the Body: It Is an Iatrogenic Disease of Athletes Caused by Use of Electrotherapy Devices’, Medical Hypotheses 74, no. 6 (2010), 1086–1087, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.mehy.2010.01.033.

  38. Martin L. Pall, ‘Microwave Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) Produce Widespread Neuropsychiatric Effects Including Depression’, Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 75 (2016): 43–51.

  39. A.A. Kolodynski and V.V. Kolodynska, ‘Motor and Psychological Functions of School Children Living in the Area of the Skrunda Radio Location Station in Latvia’, Science of the Total Environment 180, no. 1 (1996): 87–93; Sultan Ayoub Meo et al., ‘Mobile Phone Base Station Tower Settings Adjacent to School Buildings: Impact on Students’ Cognitive Health’, American Journal of Men’s Health 13, no. 1 (2019): 1557988318816914.

  40. Jean M. Twenge et al., ‘Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among US Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time’, Clinical Psychological Science 6, no. 1 (2018): 3–17; Stephen F. Perry et al., ‘Environmental Power-frequency Magnetic Fields and Suicide’, Health Physics 41, no. 2 (1981): 267–277.

  41. L. Lloyd Morgan, Santosh Kesari, and Devra Lee Davis, ‘Why Children Absorb More Microwave Radiation Than Adults: The Consequences’, Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure 2, no. 4 (2014): 197–204.

  42. David A. Savitz et al., ‘Case-control Study of Childhood Cancer and Exposure to 60-Hz Magnetic Fields’, American Journal of Epidemiology 128, no. 1 (1988): 21–38.

  43. Gertraud Maskarinec, James Cooper and Leslie Swygert, ‘Investigation of Increased Incidence in Childhood Leukemia Near Radio Towers in Hawaii: Preliminary Observations’, Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology: Official Organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer 13, no. 1 (1994): 33–37.

  44. Michael Kundi, ‘Evidence for Childhood Cancers (Leukemia)’, Report for the BioInitiative Working Group, July 2007.

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  105. ICBE-EMF, ‘Scientific Evidence Invalidates Health Assumptions’.

  106. Mercola, EMF*D, chapter 2.

  107. Mercola, chapter 2

  108. ‘Stop 5G on Earth and in Space’, 5G Space Appeal, https://www.5gspaceappeal.org/the-appeal.

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  114. DeBaun, Radiation Nation, 133–4; Mercola, EMF*D, chapter 3, 59 et seq.

  115. ICBE-EMF, ‘Scientific Evidence Invalidates Health Assumptions’.

  116. Martin L. Pall, ‘Microwave Electromagnetic’.

  117. ICNIRP Guidelines, 1998.

  118. ICBE-EMF, ‘Scientific Evidence Invalidates Health Assumptions’.

  119. Cindy Sage, and David O. Carpenter, ‘Public Health Implications of Wireless Technologies.’ Pathophysiology 16, no. 2–3 (2009): 233–246.

  120. D. Davis, Disconnect, 90.

  121. J. Wiart et al., ‘Analysis of RF Exposure in the Head Tissues of Children and Adults.’ Physics in Medicine & Biology 53, no. 13 (2008): 3681.

  122. Andreas Christ et al., ‘Age-dependent Tissue-specific Exposure of Cell Phone Users.’ Physics in Medicine & Biology 55, no. 7 (2010): 1767.

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  124. Paul Ben Ishai et al., ‘Problems in Evaluating the Health Impacts of Radio Frequency Radiation.’ Environmental Research (2023): 115038.

  125. Priyanka Bandara and David O. Carpenter, ‘Planetary Electromagnetic Pollution: It Is Time To Assess Its Impact.’ The Lancet Planetary Health 2, no. 12 (2018): e512–e514.

  126. Blank, Overpowered, 163.

  127. Devra Davis et al., ‘Wireless Technologies, Non-Ionizing Elec- tromagnetic Fields and Children: Identifying and Reducing Health Risks.’ Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care (2023): 101374.

  128. Igor Belyaev et al., ‘EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of EMF-related Health Problems and Illnesses” Reviews on Environmental Health, vol. 31, no. 3, 2016, pp. 363–397. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2016-0011

  129. ‘Italy Court Ruling Links Mobile Phone Use to Tumor’, Reuters, 19 October 2012, https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSBRE89I0V4.

  130. Lennart Hardell, ‘Long-term Use of Cellular and Cordless Phones and the Risk of Brain Tumours’, Occupational and Environmental Medicine 64, no.9 (2007): 626–632; ICEMS Position Paper on the Cerebral Tumor Court Case.

  131. Reuters, ‘Italy Court Ruling’.

CHAPTER SEVEN

  1. Cother Hajat and Emma Stein, ‘The Global Burden of Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Narrative Review’, Preventive Medicine Reports 12 (2018): 284–293.

  2. Janna G. Koppe et al., ‘Exposure to Multiple Environmental Agents and Their Effect’, Acta Paediatrica 95 (2006): 106–113.

  3. Øistein Svanes et al., ‘Cleaning at Home and at Work In Relation to Lung Function Decline and Airway Obstruction’, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 197, no. 9 (2018): 1157–1163

  4. Elissa M. Abrams. ‘Cleaning Products and Asthma Risk: a Potentially Important Public Health Concern’, Cmaj 192, no. 7 (2020): E164–E165.

  5. Arezoo Campbell, ‘The Potential Role of Aluminium in Alzheimer’s Disease’, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 17, no. suppl._2 (2002): 17–20; Matthew Mold, Dorcas Umar, Andrew King and Christopher Exley, ‘Aluminium in Brain Tissue in Autism’, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 46 (2018): 76–82; Philippa D Darbre, Ferdinando Mannello and Christopher Exley, ‘Aluminium and Breast Cancer: Sources of Exposure, Tissue Measurements and Mechanisms of Toxicological Actions on Breast Biology’, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 128 (2013): 257–261.

  6. E. Horak et al., ‘Effects of Nickel Chloride and Nickel Carbonyl upon Glucose Metabolism in Rats’, Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science 8, no. 6 (1978): 476–482.

  7. Gang Liu et al., ‘Nickel Exposure is Associated with the Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in Chinese Adults.’ International Journal of Epidemiology- ogy 44, no. 1 (2015): 240–248.

  8. Tim Smedley, Clearing the Air: The Beginning and the End of Air Pollution (London: Bloomsbury Sigma, 2019), footnote 72.

  9. Maurício Martins da Silva et al., ‘Inhibition of Type 1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase by Bisphenol A’, Hormone and Metabolic Research 51, no. 10 (2019): 671–677.

  10. John L. Wilkinson et al., ‘Pharmaceutical Pollution of the World’s Rivers.’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 8 (2022): e2113947119.

  11. Muhammad Syafrudin et al., ‘Pesticides in Drinking Water – A Review.’ International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (2021): 468.

  12. W.W. Nazaroff and C.J. Weschler, ‘Cleaning Products and Air Fresheners: Exposure to Primary and Secondary Air Pollutants’, Atmospheric Environment 38, no. 18 (2004): 2841–2865, https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/abs/pii/S1352231004002171.

  13. Mohamed I. Hamdouk et al., ‘Paraphenylene Diamine Hair Dye Poisoning’, in Clinical Nephrotoxins: Renal Injury from Drugs and Chemicals, eds. Marc E. Broe, George A. Porter, William M. Bennett and Ger

  14. A. Verpooten (Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008), 871–879; Manuela Gago-Dominguez et al., ‘Use of Permanent Hair Dyes and Bladder Cancer Risk’, International Journal of Cancer 91, no. 4 (2001): 575–579; Sanna Heikkinen et al., ‘Does Hair Dye Use Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer? A Population-based Case-Control Study of Finnish Women’, PloS one 10, no. 8 (2015): e0135190.

  15. Che-Jung Chang et al., ‘Use of Straighteners and Other Hair Products and Incident Uterine Cancer’, JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 114, no. 12 (2022): 1636–1645; Peter F. Infante et al,. ‘Vinyl Chloride Propellant in Hair Spray and Angiosarcoma of the Liver Among Hairdressers and Barbers’, International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 15, no. 1 (2009): 36–42.

  16. Murali K Matta et al., ‘Effect of Sunscreen Application under Maximal Use Conditions on Plasma Concentration of Sunscreen Active Ingredients: A Randomized Clinical Trial’, Jama 321, no. 21 (2019): 2082–2091; Antonia M Calafat et al., ‘Concentrations of the Sunscreen Agent Benzophenone-3 in Residents of the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004’, Environmental health Perspec- tives 116, no. 7 (2008): 893–897. Zoe Diana Draelos, ‘Are Sunscreens Safe?’ Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology- ogy 9, no. 1 (2010): 1–2.

  17. Campbell, ‘The Potential Role of Aluminium in Alzheimer’s Disease’, 17–20; Mold, Umar, King and Exley, ‘Aluminium in Brain Tissue in Autism’, 76–82; Darbre, Mannello and Exley, ‘Aluminium and Breast Cancer’, 257–261.

  18. Environmental Working Group, 2012, ‘The Scent of Danger: Are There Toxic Ingredients in Perfumes and Colognes?’ Scientific American, 29 September 2012, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ toxic-perfumes-and-colognes.

  19. Lareina Wujanto, and Sarah Wakelin, ‘Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Colophonium in a Sanitary Pad – an Overlooked Allergen?.’ Contact Dermatitis 66, no. 3 (2012): 161–162.

  20. N. Hill et al., ‘Single Blind, Randomised, Comparative Study of the Bug Buster Kit and Over The Counter Pediculicide Treatments Against Head Lice in the United Kingdom.’ British Medical Journal 331, no. 7513 (2005): 384–387.

  21. My thanks to holistic vet, Richard Allport, for this tip.

  22. Kira Oz, Bareket Merav, Sabach Sara and Dubowski Yael, ‘Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Polyurethane Mattresses Under Variable Environmental Conditions’, Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 15 (2019): 9171–9180; E.M. Beckett et al., ‘Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emissions from Memory Foam Mattresses and Potential Implications for Consumer Health Risk’, Chemosphere 303 (2022): 134945.

  23. National Toxicology Program, ‘Report on Carcinogens, 14th edition: 1,4-dichlorobenzene’, Report on Carcinogens, 14th ed. (Research Trian- gle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016), 139–141; James A. Barter and James H. Sherman, ‘An Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Hazard of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Based on Internationally Recognized Criteria’, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 29, no.1 (1999), 64–79, https://doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1998.1269.

  24. Jane Caldwell, Ruth Lunn and Avima Ruder, ‘Tetrachloroethylene (perc, tetra, PCE)’, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 63 (1995): 159–221.

  25. Peter B. Bethwaite, Neil Pearce and James Fraser, ‘Cancer Risks in Painters: Study Based on the New Zealand Cancer Registry,’ British Journal of Industrial Medicine 47, no. 11 (1990): 742.

APPENDIX

  1. Michaela Roberts et al., ‘The Contribution of Environmental Science to Mental Health Research: A Scoping Review.’ International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 7 (2023): 5278.

  2. Philippe Grandjean and Philip J. Landrigan, ‘Neurobehavioural Effects of Developmental Toxicity.’ The Lancet Neurology 13, no. 3 (2014): 330–338

  3. Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas et al., ‘Air Pollution, Combustion and Friction Derived Nanoparticles, and Alzheimer’s Disease in Urban Children and Young Adults.’ Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 70, no. 2 (2019): 343–360.

  4. Sonali Bose et al., ‘Prenatal Particulate Air Pollution Exposure and Sleep Disruption in Preschoolers: Windows of Susceptibility.’ Environment International 124 (2019): 329–335.

  5. Marie-Claire Flores-Pajot et al., ‘Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide, and Particulate Matter Air Pollution: A Review and Meta-analysis.’ Environmental Research 151 (2016): 763–776.

  6. Ioannis Bakolis et al., ‘Mental Health Consequences of Urban Air Pollution: Prospective Population-based Longitudinal Survey.’ Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 56 (2021): 1587–1599.

  7. Xuelin Gu et al., ‘Association Between Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Risk of Depression and Suicide: Systematic Review and Meta- analysis-RETRACTION.’ The British Journal of Psychiatry 217, no. 2 (2020): 459–459.

  8. P.C. Bello-Medina, E. Rodríguez-Martínez, R.A. Prado-Alcalá and S. Rivas-Arancibia, ‘Ozone Pollution, Oxidative Stress, Synaptic Plasticity, and Neurodegeneration.’ Neurología (English Edition) 37, no. 4 (2022): 277–286.

  9. Amy Ronaldson et al., ‘Associations Between Air Pollution and Mental Health Service Use in Dementia: A Retrospective Cohort Study’, BMJ Mental Health 26, no. 1 (2023).

  10. Edmond D. Shenassa et al., ‘Dampness and Mold in the Home and Depression: An Examination of Mold-related Illness and Perceived Control of One’s Home as Possible Depression Pathways.’ American Journal of Public Health 97, no. 10 (2007): 1893–1899

  11. Mary Ackerley, ‘Brain on Fire: The Role of Mold in Triggering Psychiatric Symptoms’, Paradigm Change, 1 May 2015, https://irp-cdn. multiscreensite.com/562d25c6/files/uploaded/Brain-on-Fire-article- by-Dr-Mary-Ackerley_2014.pdf.

  12. Cort Johnson, ‘Brains on Fire, Swollen Brains, Toxins and Neuroin- flammation – by Dr. Mary Ackerley’, Health Rising, 30 December 2019, https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2019/12/30/brains-on-fire-swollen- brains-toxins-and-neuroinflammation-by-mary-dr-ackerley.